Strategies of Structure and Written Expression for TOEFL

 Strategy of Structure

1. First study the sentence.
    Your purpose is to determine what is needed to complete the sentence correctly.

2. Then study each answer based on how well it completes the sentence.
     Eliminate answers that do not complete the sentence correctly.

3. Do not try to eliminate incorrect answers by looking only at the answers.
    The incorrect answers are generally correct by themselves. The incorrect answers are generally incorrect only when used to complete the sentence.

4. Never leave any answers blank.
    Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.

5. Do not spend too much time on the Structure questions.
    Be sure to leave adequate time for the Written Expression questions


The ten problems or  skills are:

1. Problem with  Subject and Verbs

2. Problem with  Objects of Prepositions

3. Problem with Present Participles

4. Problem with Past Participles

5. Problem with Coordinate Connectors

6. Problem with  Adverb Clause Connectors

7. Problem with Noun Clause Connectors

8. Problem with Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects

9. Problem with Adjective Clause Connectors

10. Problem with Adjective Clause Connectors/Subject

Strategies of Written Expression

1. First look at the underlined word or groups of words.

    You want to see if you can spot which of the four answer choices is not correct.

2. If you have been unable to find the error by looking only at the four underlined expressions, then read the complete sentence. 

    Often an underlined expression is incorrect because of something in another part of the sentence. 

3. Never leave any answers blank.

    Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.

 The 15 Skills are:

1. Agreement after prepositional phrase
2. Agreement after expression of Quantity
3. Agreement after Certain Words
4. Parallel Structure with Coordinate Connectors
5. Parallel Structure with paired conjunction
6. Problem with past participle
7. Problem with present participle and past participle
8.  Problem with Modals
9. Problem with Singular and Plural nouns
10. Problem with Countable and Uncountable Nouns
11. Subject and Object Pronoun
12. Problem with Possessive
13. Pronouns References
14. Adjective and Adverb
15. Adjective after Linking Verb

Look at the following examples:

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS

A. Structure

  

1. During the Daytona 500, the lead car ___________, leaving the others far behind.

A. forwarded rapidly

B. advanced rapidly

C. advanced forward rapidly

D. advanced in a rapidly manner

Answer : B

  

2. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.

A. due to

B. because

C. in spite of

D. regardless of

Answer : B

3. During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.

A. so that hardly

B. where there hardly was

C. hardly was

D. there was hardly

Answer : D

4. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.

A. it has

B. is having

C. which is having

D. has

Answer : D

5. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.

A. its sides

B. the sides are

C. it is the side of

D. all sides by

Answer : D

6. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

A. The

B. The fastest

C. The fastest dog

D. The fastest dog, the

Answer : B

7. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or ________ on rocky cliffs.

A. gets sun

B. sunning

C. the sun

D. sunny

Answer : C

8. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.

A. when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap

B. does the Earth’s atmosphere trap

C. when the Earth’s atmosphere traps

D. the Earth’s atmosphere traps

Answer : C

9. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Year’s Day, is the oldest postseason collegiate football game in the United States.

A. takes

B. it takes

C. which takes

D. took

Answer : A

10. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.

A. using gene therapy

B. use gene therapy

C. they use

D. gene therapy uses

Answer : A

11. ________ off the Hawaiian coastline are living, others are dead.

A. While some types of coral reefs

B. Some types of coral reefs

C. There are many types of coral reefs

D. Coral reefs

Answer : B

12. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.

A. what

B. which

C. what they

D. which they

Answer : C

13. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap to push consumers beyond ________.

A. they can afford

B. they can afford it

C. what is affordable

D. able to afford

Answer : A

14. People who reverse the letters of words ________ to read suffer from dyslexia.

A. when trying

B. if they tried

C. when tried

D. if he tries

Answer : A

15. Featured at the Henry Ford Museum ________ of antique cars dating from 1865.

A. is an exhibit

B. an exhibit

C. an exhibit is

D. which is an exhibit

Answer : D

Written Expression

Directions: In questions 5–10, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples:

The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors." Therefore, you should choose answer A.

The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician." Therefore, you should choose answer B.

Now begin work on the questions.

Practice Questions

Answer Key for TOEFL ITP Structure and Written Expression

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. D

Top 10 Listening Tips For the TOEFL Test and Paper English Language Tests

1. Take past TOEFL® listening tests and become familiar with the format. Quickly read the comprehension questions before the recording begins - this helps you to listen out for key points – often there is a lot of content that you will not be tested on – keep your focus and energy for the points that count!

2. Practice note taking whenever you are listening to something in English – only write down key words or phrases, use abbreviations for long words and always write in English. Record only the major points – you will not have time to write down the minor, unimportant details in the exam.

3. Improve your vocabulary – the more words you know, the easier it will be for you to understand the listening section. Learn new vocab and save words you have trouble with by becoming an English, baby! Super member.

4. Listen for signal words that indicate major steps, changes or ideas such as seldom, at the moment, in 1975, so far, usually, often, up to now, at the moment. Make sure to also listen for repetition, synonyms and pronouns.

5. Download listening practice lessons, such as lessons on Daily English Audio and stop it at different times. Try to guess what will happen next! This is a great way to practice your ability to connect and combine ideas. Then go back and listen to the lesson in full and see how well you did.

6. Determine the purpose of a conversation or speech – what do you think the speakers are trying to do? Are they angry? Trying to resolve a conflict? Sad? Expressing an idea? Practice this technique every time you hear English including English movies or TV shows, daily English lessons on English, baby!, even people you hear speaking English on the street! This will help you focus on the key points and improve your ability to filter out information that is not necessary for theTOEFL® listening exam questions.

7. Recognize key points – who or what is the conversation about? What is the main point of the lecture? Why are they talking about this? Remember, the TOEFL® listening exam is testing your comprehension, not your ability to memorize and repeat what you have just heard!

8. Find connections between ideas – how do these points connect to the key ideas of the passage? If they do NOT connect to the key ideas, they are probably not the major ideas of the passage and you should not focus on them.

9. Pay attention when someone in the exercise asks a question – often it is a clue that information is about to be given. However, this is not always true so be careful for responses that sound a lot like the answer to a question. Listen very carefully as these responses are often there to test your ability to understand the context of what you heard.

10. Categorize the type of exercise you are listening to when taking practice TOEFL®listening tests. Ask yourself – is it a lecture (mostly one-sided and on academic topics) or a conversation (language is more informal, two or more people)? This will help you understand the flow of the conversation more clearly.

Practice your TOEFL® listening exam skills by taking the official TOEFL® online practice test today

PERHITUNGAN SUKU BUNGA KREDIT MENGGUNAKAN FLAT RATE DAN SLIDING RATE

JENIS SUKU BUNGA KREDIT

Bunga adalah biaya yang harus dibayar atas pinjaman yang diterima dan imbalan atas investasinya. Setiap nasabah yang memperoleh fasilitas kredit dari bank akan dikenakan kewajiban kembali. Pembayaran kewajiban tersebut dilakukan setiap periode apakah , mingguan, atau bulanan. Pembayaran ini lebih dikenal dengan nama angsuran. Dalam setiap angsuran yang dibayar oleh nasabah sudah termasuk pokok pinjaman ditambah bunga yang harus dibayar. Jumlah angsuran yang dibayar setiap periode berbeda tergantung dari jenis pembebanan suku bunga yang dilakukan oleh bank. Pembebanan jenis suku bunga oleh bank adalah dengan memperhatikan jenis kredit yang dibiayai, kemudian juga yang menjadi pertimbangan oleh Bank dalam menentukan pembebanan suku bunga adalah tingkat resiko dari masing-masinga jenis kredit. Tedapat 3 jenis model pembebanan suku bunga yang sering dilakukan oleh Bank. Adapun jenis suku bunga yang dimaksud adalah sebagai berikut:

1.Flate Rate 

Flate Rate merupakan perhitungan suku bunga yang tetap setiap periode, sehingga jumlah angsuran (cicilan) setiap periode pun tetap sampai pinjaman tersebut lunas. Perhitungan jenis suku bunga model ini adalah dengan mengalikan % bunga per periode dikali dengan pinjaman.

 2.Sliding Rate 

Merupakan perhitungan suku bunga yang dilakukan dengan mengalikan % tase suku bunga per periode dengan sisa pinjaman, sehingga jumlah suku bunga yang dibayar debitur semakin menurun, akbatnya angsuran yang dibayarpun menurun jumlahnya.

 Contoh Soal Flate Rate:

1.Pada tanggal 25 Maret 2006 PT. Andika Karya Tuan Andi mendapat persetujuan pinjaman investasi dari Bank ABC senilai Rp. 40.000.000,- untuk jangka waktu 1 tahun. Bunga yang dibebankan sebesar 24% pa. Hitunglah cicilan setiap bulannya jika di hitung dengan metode Flat.

Jawab:

A.Jika ingin melihat rumus Metode Flat Rate dalam bentuk microsoft excel, Klik Disini

B.Jika ingin melihat rumus Metode Sliding Rate dalam bentuk microsoft excel, Klik Disini